Manager Simon Davey swooped for the former Wigan Athletic player after losing both Mounir El Haimour and Jamal Campbell-Ryce with injuries.
Teale, 30, has been unable to secure a place in the Derby side and spent the final part of last season on l
oan with Plymouth Argyle.
"We are delighted to have brought Gary into the squad, " said Davey. "He is a player with experience of winning promotion from this division and played in the Premier League last season."
The Tykes entertain Coventry City today looking to shake off the disappointment of defeats to QPR, on the opening day, and Crewe Alexandra in the first round of the Carling Cup.
Davey said: "We have let in four goals this season and they have all come through set pieces or penalties so that is something we have to work on and iron out. We are confident of getting all three points this weekend, but we have to ensure we are solid at the back."
Davey admits that the club's growing injury list has hampered his side's start to the season.
Campbell-Ryce (ankle), El Haimour (calf), Bobby Hassell (ankle), and Marciano van Homoet (suspended) are all likely to miss out today while Heinz Muller, Anderson De Silva, and Michael Coulson are still recovering from cruciate knee surgery.
Barnsley have also been locked in a row with the Argentinian FA over a delay in processing international clearance for summer signing Hugo Colace.
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