An Ash dieback '˜resistant tree' raises hope of beating epidemic

Chalara ash dieback, which could kill millions of ash trees, was first identified in the UK in 2012 and experts fear it could have the same devastating impact on the country’s woodlands and landscape as Dutch elm disease in the 1970s. Earlier this month an expert warned that the majority of ash trees in Yorkshire will be dying from the deadly fungal disease within a decade. Mark Feather, an area manager for the Woodland Trust, spoke after the latest sighting of ash dieback in young saplings in ancient woodland near Raywell, East Yorkshire,

But a team of researchers from the UK, Denmark and Norway have identified genetic markers in ash trees which are tolerant to the disease, raising hopes of selective breeding to produce trees which are less susceptible to the ash dieback fungus.

The research was carried out by the Nornex consortium which includes York University.

The collaboration saw the scientists assess 182 ash trees in Denmark, which had been badly hit by Chalara, scoring them for visual signs of disease and then conducting a genetic analysis.

The scientists found three “genetic markers” in the trees that were found to be linked to disease tolerance. They used these markers to test a separate group of Danish trees to see if they us e them to predict whether the trees would be less susceptible.

They then screened trees in the UK to predict if they were likely to be mildly or strongly tolerant to ash dieback.

A tree, nicknamed “Betty”, in a Norfolk Wildlife Trust woodland where there were a high number of infected trees, was predicted by the markers to show a very high tolerance to the disease.

Betty is a mature tree which is currently healthy, despite being next to trees which are infected.

Initial screening of several small UK populations has also indicated that the markers for tolerance may be more common in UK ash trees compared to other parts of Europe.

Professor Allan Downie, emeritus fellow at the John Innes Centre and coordinator of the Nornex consortium, said: “The identification of genetic markers for trees with low susceptibility to ash dieback is a large first step, one of many that will be needed in the fight to help ash trees survive this disease epidemic.”

He added it was “astonishing” the science had come so far in such a short time.

The UK’s chief plant health officer, Nicola Spence, said: “This unprecedented work conducted by British scientists has uncovered an exciting development in tree health.

“It paves the way for tackling this destructive disease and will help ensure that Britain’s stock of ash trees, and its countryside, remains resilient against pests and disease in the future.”

The research was funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).

Defra Lords spokesman Lord Gardiner said: “We want to guarantee the graceful ash tree continues to have a place in our environment for centuries to come, and this vital work is a major step towards ensuring just that.”

Earlier this year York University announced that it was leading a pioneering study which would open up a new front in the battle against the disease affecting ash trees across Europe.

It was this research which identified the genetic markers to predict whether specific trees in populations of ash will succumb to the disease or are able to tolerate and survive the fungal pathogen that is causing ash dieback.

The university said the technology could help to maintain the ash tree as part of the UK landscape through pre-screening of individual tree seedlings.